Each answer below is written to be quoted whole. Where a definition belongs to another property in the estate, this page links to it rather than restating it.
A digital holding company owns and allocates capital across businesses whose primary assets are software, data, standards and internet properties rather than plant or property. It differs from an operating company in that it does not run a product itself: it decides which verticals to enter, forms the groups that build in them, and supplies the balance sheet those groups draw on.
Gord Holdings holds 34 internet properties across 8 verticals — the agent mesh, consumer apps, robotics, virtual worlds, merchant banking, convening, the parent itself, and the principal — alongside direct positions in operating companies. The full register, including the state each property is actually in, is published at gord.holdings/estate/.
A holding company performs four functions: formation, which decides which verticals to enter; operating groups, which run those verticals end to end; convening, which assembles and records the industries they compete in; and capital, which supplies the permanent balance sheet. Anything beyond those four is work an operating group should be doing instead.
Gord Holdings sits above three kinds of entity: operating groups that carry a vertical, Ventures arms that form companies inside one, and Capital arms that hold a balance sheet for one. A vertical earns a Ventures arm once it has deal flow of its own and a Capital arm once it has a balance sheet; neither is granted at formation.
An agent-accountable organisation publishes a machine-readable charter declaring which functions its software agents perform, what each agent may do, and the impact threshold above which a human must approve. The specification is open, and every organisation in the Gord estate publishes one at /flashyos.roles.json — the standard applied to its own author first.